The Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Smad Receptors in Determining Prognosis in High-Grade Primary Brain Tumors: Glioblastoma Multiforme

Abstract Introduction High-grade primary brain tumors cause serious morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) suppressor mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) receptors in high-grade tumors. Material Method Thirteen patients with a pathological diagnosis glioblastoma multiforme were included study. Pathological preparations each patient analyzed retrospectively histochemistry immunohistochemistry laboratories. Transforming 1, TGF-β2, TGF-β3, Smad 1/2/3, 6, 7 stainings evaluated, immunoreactivity densities examined. Result We found out an increase expression TGF-β1 TGF-β3 protein. Regarding inhibitin receptors, 6 showed much more than 7. Thus, we that has protective effect tissue. Immunhistochemically, TGF-β family stains, which are activated by types I-and -II stainless staining might also be showing is taking action secondary pathway other family. Conclusion In addition Shc-GBR2, SARA, Ras-Erk1/2 should investigated future research. After that, prognosis, diagnosis, patient-based chemotherapy strategies for treatment may take prominent role.